The axatse is a small gourd, held by the neck and placed between hand and leg. Gourd shekere 8. Rasp – A rasp, or scraper, is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is produced by scraping the notches on a piece of wood sometimes elaborately carved with a stick, creating a series of rattling effects. Antique wooden rasp 46 All rights reserved. Membranophones Membranophones are instruments which have vibrating animal membranes used in drums.

Their shapes may be conical, cylindrical, barrel, hour-glass, globular, or kettle, and are played with sticks, hands, or a combination of both. African drums are usually carved from a single wooden log, and may also be made from ceramics, gourds, tin cans, and oil drums. Examples of these are found in the different localities — entenga Ganda , dundun Yoruba , atumpan Akan , and ngoma Shona , while some are constructed with wooden staves and hoops.

Body percussion – Africans frequently use their bodies as musical instruments. Aside from their voices, where many of them are superb singers, the body also serves as a drum as people clap their hands, slap their thighs, pound their upper arms or chests, or shuffle their feet. This body percussion creates exciting rhythms which also stir them to action. Moreover, the wearing of rattles or bells on their wrists, ankles, arms, and waists enhances their emotional response.

Talking drum – The talking drum is used to send messages to announce births, deaths, marriages, sporting events, dances, initiation, or war.

Sometimes it may also contain gossip or jokes. It is believed that the drums can carry direct messages to the spirits after the death of a loved one. However, learning to play messages on drums is extremely difficult, resulting in its waning popularity.

An example of the talking drum is the luna. Luna 47 All rights reserved. Lamellaphone One of the most popular African percussion instruments is the lamellaphone, which is a set of plucked tongues or keys mounted on a sound board.

It is known by different names according to the regions such as mbira, karimba, kisaanj, and likembe. Mbira hand piano or thumb piano – The thumb piano or finger xylophone is of African origin and is used throughout the continent. It consists of a wooden board with attached staggered metal tines a series of wooden, metal, or rattan tongues , plus an additional resonator to increase its volume.

It is played by holding the instrument in the hands and plucking the tines with the thumbs, producing a soft plucked sound. Chordophones Chordophones are instruments which produce sounds from the vibration of strings. These include bows, harps, lutes, zithers, and lyres of various sizes. Musical bow – The musical bow is the ancestor of all string instruments.

It is the oldest and one of the most widely-used string instruments of Africa. It consists of a single string attached to each end of a curved stick, similar to a bow and arrow. The string is either plucked or struck with another stick, producing a per-cussive yet delicate sound. The earth bow, the mouth bow, and the resonator-bow are the principal types of musical bows. The earth bow, ground bow, or pit harp consist of a hole in the ground, a piece of flexible wood and a piece of chord.

The musician plucks the taut string to accompany his singing. When the half gourd is not buried, the performer holds the instrument very tightly under his knee flat side down, so that the chord puts enough tension on the wood to bend it into the shape of a hunting bow. Afro-Latin American and Popular Music A more advanced form of ground bow is made from a log, half a gourd, a flat piece of wood, and cord. The wooden strip is driven firmly into one end of the log and the half gourd is fastened to the log about 2 feet away from the wooden strip.

The cord, fastened from the wooden strip to the gourd, is stretched so tightly into the shape of a bow. The player holds the instrument on the ground by placing one leg across the log between the resonating gourd and the wooden strip.

Lute konting, khalam, and the nkoni – The lute, originating from the Arabic states, is shaped like the modern guitar and played in similar fashion. It has a resonating body, a neck, and one or more strings which stretch across the length of its body and neck. Nkoni West African plucked lutes include the konting, khalam, and the nkoni. Kora – The kora is Africa’s most sophisticated harp, while also having features similar to a lute.

Its body is made from a gourd or calabash. A support for the bridge is set across the opening and covered with a skin that is held in place with studs.

The leather rings around the neck are used to tighten the 21 strings that give the instrument a range of over three octaves. The kora is held upright and played with the fingers. African kora 4. Zither – The zither is a stringed instrument with varying sizes and shapes whose strings are stretched along its body.

Among the types of African zither are the raft or Inanga zither from Burundi, the tubular or Valiha zither from Malagasy, and the harp or Mvet zither from Cameroon.

Raft zither 49 All rights reserved. Zeze – The zeze is an African fiddle played with a bow, a small wooden stick, or plucked with the fingers. It has one or two strings, made of steel or bicycle brake wire.

It is from Sub-Saharan Africa. It is also known by the names tzetze and dzendze, izeze and endingidi; and on Madagascar is called lokanga or lokango voatavo. Aerophones Aerophones are instruments which are produced initially by trapped vibrating air columns or which enclose a body of vibrating air.

Flutes in various sizes and shapes, horns, panpipes, whistle types, gourd and shell megaphones, oboe, clarinet, animal horn and wooden trumpets fall under this category. Flutes – Flutes are widely used throughout Africa and either vertical or side-blown. They are usually fashioned from a single tube closed at one end and blown like a bottle. Atenteben Ghana Fulani Flutes Panpipes consist of cane pipes of different lengths tied in a row or in a bundle held together by wax or cord, and generally closed at the bottom.

They are blown across the top, each providing a different note. Horns – Horns and trumpets, found almost everywhere in Africa, are commonly made from elephant tusks and animal horns.

With their varied attractive shapes, these instruments are end-blown or side-blown and range in size from the small signal whistle of the southern cattle herders to the large ivory horns of the tribal chiefs of the interior. It releases a mellow and warm sound that adds a unique African accent to the music. This instrument, which comes in a set of six horns, reflects the cross of musical traditions in Africa. Today, the kudu horn can also be seen in football matches, where fans blow it to cheer for their favourite teams.

Reed pipes – There are single-reed pipes made from hollow guinea corn or sorghum stems, where the reed is a flap partially cut from the stem near one end. It is the vibration of this reed that causes the air within the hollow instrument to vibrate, thus creating the sound.

There are also cone-shaped double-reed instruments similar to the oboe or shawm. The most well-known is the rhaita or ghaita, an oboe-like double reed instrument from northwest Africa. It is one of the primary instruments used by traditional music ensembles from Morocco. The rhaita was even featured in the Lord of the Rings soundtrack, specifically in the Mordor theme.

Whistles – Whistles found throughout the continent may be made of wood or other materials. Short pieces of horn serve as whistles, often with a short tube inserted into the mouthpiece. Clay can be molded into whistles of many shapes and forms and then baked. Pottery whistles are sometimes shaped in the form of a head, similar to the Aztec whistles of Central America and Mexico.

African whistle 5. Trumpets – African trumpets are made of wood, metal, animal horns, elephant tusks, and gourds with skins from snakes, zebras, leopards, crocodiles and animal hide as ornaments to the instrument. They are mostly ceremonial in nature, often used to announce the arrival or departure of important guests. In religion and witchcraft, some tribes believe in the magical powers of trumpets to frighten away evil spirits, cure diseases, and protect warriors and hunters from harm. These are mainly used to provide rhythmic sounds, which are the most defining element of African music.

Africans make musical instruments from the materials in the environment, like forest areas from where they make large wooden drums. Drums may also be made of clay, metal, tortoise shells, or gourds. Xylophones are made of lumber or bamboo, while flutes can be constructed wherever reeds or bamboo grow. Animal horns are used as trumpets while animal hides, lizard skins, and snake skins can function as decorations as well as provide the membranes for drum heads.

Laces made of hides and skins are used for the strings of harps, fiddles, and lutes. On the other hand, bamboo was used to form the tongues of thumb pianos, the frames of stringed instruments, and stamping tubes. Strips of bamboo are even clashed together rhythmically. Gourds, seeds, stones, shells, palm leaves, and the hard-shelled fruit of the calabash tree are made into rattles.

Ancient Africans even made musical instruments from human skulls decorated with human hair while singers use their body movements to accompany their singing. Modern Africans make use of recycled waste materials such as strips of roofing metal, empty oil drums, and tin cans. These people, bursting with rhythm, make music with everything and anything.

At present, new materials that are more easily accessible, such as soda cans and bottles, are becoming increasingly important for the construction of percussion instruments. Some rhythmic instruments like scrapers, bells, and rattles also provide the pitch and timbre when played in an ensemble to provide contrasts in tone quality and character.

What are the classifications of African music? What are the characteristics of each classification of African music? Name some African musical instruments under the following categories: a. Describe how African musical instruments are sourced from the environment. Give examples. Sometimes called Latin music, it includes the countries that have had a colonial history from Spain and Portugal, divided into the following areas: a. Brazil At the same time, because of the inter-racial cross breeding and migration, the above- named countries were also somewhat commonly populated by five major ancestral groups as follows: a.

Indian descendants of the original native Americans who were the inhabitants of the region before the arrival of Christopher Columbus b. African descendants from Western and Central Africa c.

Indigenous Latin-American Music Before the arrival of the Spanish, Portuguese, and other European colonizers, the natives were found to be using local drum and percussion instruments such as the guiro, maracas, and turtle shells, and wind instruments such as zampona pan pipes and quena notched-end flutes remain popular and are traditionally made out of the same aquatic canes, although PVC pipe is sometimes used due to its resistance to heat, cold, and humidity.

Generally, quenas only are played during the dry season. Materials came from hollow tree trunks, animal skins, fruit shells, dry seeds, cane and Quena clay, hardwood trees, jaguar claws, animal and human bones, and specially-treated inflated eyes of tigers.

The use of instruments as well as singing and dancing served to implore the gods for good harvest, victory in battles, guard against sickness and natural disasters, and of course provide recreation. Short musical motives from descending melodic lines were a common feature, where tempo, rhythm, and tone colors vary with the specific occasion or ritual.

Many dance forms were repetitious, while songs had a wide range of volume levels. Many songs celebrate themes like harvest, planting season or other important times of year. Afro-Latin American Music The African influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by the drums and various percussion instruments.

Complex layering of rhythmic patterns was a favorite device, where 54 All rights reserved. Afro-Latin American and Popular Music fast paced tempos add to the rhythmic density.

Vocal music was often deep- chested while instrumental music greatly relied on resonant drums and sympathetic buzzers to produce rich sounds and occasional loud volume levels to reflect their intensity. Melodies of the Renaissance period were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts, while step-wise melodies were preferred in the heavily Hispanic and Moorish-influenced areas of Venezuela and Colombia.

Other European influences were manifested in the texture of Euro-Latin American music, from unaccompanied vocal solos to those accompanied by stringed instruments.

Mixed American Music The diversity of races and cultures from the Native Americans, Afro-Latin Americans, and Euro-Latin Americans account for the rich combinations of musical elements including the melodic patterns, harmonic combinations, rhythmic complexities, wide range of colors and dynamics, and various structural formats. This musical fusion of Latin America combining native instruments with European counterparts and musical theories was further enriched by the instruments brought by the African slaves.

The result of the massive infusion of African culture also brought about the introduction of other music and dance forms such as the Afro- Cuban rumba, Jamaican reggae, Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian samba. Popular Latin American Music Latin America has produced a number of musical genres and forms that had been influenced by European folk music, African traditional music, and native sources. Much of its popular music has in turn found its way to the many venues and locales of America, Europe, and eventually the rest of the world.

Its danceable rhythms, passionate melodies, and exotic harmonies continue to enthrall music and dance enthusiasts worldwide even as the forms themselves undergo constant modifications that are more relevant to the times. Some of these Latin American popular music forms are tango, bossa nova, samba, son, and salsa. Samba The samba is a dance form of African origins around which evolved into an African- Brazilian invention in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro.

Its lively rhythm, consisting of a 24 meter but containing three steps each that create a feeling of a 34 meter instead, was meant to be executed for singing, dancing, and parading in the carnival.

Samba has a number of variations, so that there is no clear-cut definition of a single samba form. Its most adventurous kind is known as the batucada, referring at once to a large percussion ensemble of up to a hundred players, a jam session, or an intensely polyrhythmic style of drumming. Son The son is a fusion of the popular music or canciones songs of Spain and the African rumba rhythms of Bantu origin. Originating in Cuba, it is usually played with the tres guitar , contrabass, bongos, maracas, and claves two wooden sticks that are hit together.

Although the son is seldom heard today, its most important legacy is its influence on present-day Latin American music, particularly as the forerunner of the salsa. Its style contains elements from the swing dance and hustle as well as the complex Afro-Cuban and Afro-Carribean dance forms of pachanga and guaguanco. The execution of the salsa involves shifting the weight by stepping sideways, causing the hips to move while the upper body remains level.

The arms and shoulders are also incorporated with the upper body position. In each, a moderate tempo is used while the upper and lower bodies act in seeming disjoint as described above. As with the African continent, their rich history dating back thousands of years ago with the Aztec, Maya, and other prehistoric cultural groups in Latin America understandably generates their own brands of creativity in making music.

In Central America, the ancient civilizations of the Aztec and Maya peoples used various instruments mainly for religious functions and usually by professional musicians. As some instruments were considered holy and it was further believed that music was supposed to glorify the gods, mistakes in playing these instruments were considered offensive and insulting to them.

Some of their instruments include the following: Tlapitzalli The tlapitzalli is a flute variety from the Aztec culture made of clay with decorations of abstract designs or images of their deities. Teponaztli The teponaztli is a Mexican slit drum hollowed out and carved from a piece of hardwood.

It is then decorated with designs in relief or carved to represent human figures or animals to be used for both religious and recreational purposes. Conch The conch is a wind instrument made from a seashell usually of a large sea snail. It is prepared by cutting a hole in its spine near the apex, then blown into as if it were a trumpet.

Rasp The rasp is a hand percussion instrument whose sound is produced by scraping a group of notched sticks with another stick, creating a series of rattling effects. It is made of wood opened at the bottom and standing on three legs cut from the base, with its stretched skin beaten by the hand or a wooden mallet.

Whistles Whistles are instruments made of natural elements such as bone from animals. Ocarina The ocarina was an ancient vessel flute made of clay or ceramic with four to 12 finger holes and a mouthpiece that projected from the body. Panpipes Zamponas The zamponas were ancient instruments tuned to different scalar varieties, played by blowing across the tubetop.

Typical models were either in pairs or as several bamboo tubes of different lengths tied together to produce graduated pitches of sound.

Afro-Latin American and Popular Music Andean Instruments The Andean highlands made use of several varieties of flutes and string instruments that include the following: a. Pitus The pitus are side-blown cane flutes that are played all year round. Wooden Tarkas The tarkas are vertical duct flutes with a mouthpiece similar to that of a recorder, used during the rainy season. Quenas The quenas are vertical cane flutes with an end-notched made from fragile bamboo. They are used during the dry season.

Charango The charango is a ten-stringed Andean guitar from Bolivia. It is the size of a ukulele and a smaller version of the mandolin, imitating the early guitar and lute brought by the Spaniards.

It produces bright sounds and is often used in serenades in Southern Peru. Trumpets were later added, replacing the harp. Mariachi music is extremely passionate and romantic with their blended harmonies and characterized by catchy rhythms.

Its musicians are distinctly adorned with wide-brimmed hats and silver buttons. What are the different musical instruments of Latin American music? What are the characteristics of each instrument? In the Philippines, many of these characteristics have been taken in, particularly in the Brazilian bossa nova, cha cha, rumba, and the Argentine tango.

Cumbia Originating in Panama and Colombia, the cumbia became a popular African courtship dance with European and African instrumentation and characteristics.

It contained varying rhythmic meters among the major locations — 24 meter in Colombia; 24 , 44 , and 68 meters in Panama, and 22 meter in Mexico.

Instruments used are the drums of African origin, such as the tabora bass drum , claves, 60 All rights reserved. Afro-Latin American and Popular Music which are hard, thick sticks that sets the beat, guitar, accordion, clarinet, modern flute, and caja, a type of snare drum. It is a foremost Argentinian and Uruguayan urban popular song and dance that is related to the Cuban contradanza, habanera, and Cuban tango, and remains a 20th century nationalistic Argentinian piece of music that is most expressive.

Its main development was in the slum areas of Buenos Aires, and eventually became fashionable in Parisian society in the early part of the 20th century, as well as in England and other parts of Western Europe. Cha Cha The cha cha is a ballroom dance the originated in Cuba in , derived from the mambo and its characteristic rhythm of 2 crochets — 3 quavers — quaver rest, with a syncopation on the fourth beat.

Rumba The rumba popular recreational dance of Afro-Cuban origin, performed in a complex duple meter pattern and tresillo, which is a dotted quaver — dotted quaver — dotted semiquaver rhythm. It is normally used as a ballroom dance where a solo dancer or couple would be in an embrace though slightly apart, with the rocking of the hips to a fast-fast-slow sequence and often containing cross rhythms.

There is a repetitive melody with an ostinato pattern played by the maracas, claves, and other Cuban percussion instruments. It contains jazz elements that became a model for the cha cha, mambo, and other Latin American dances. It was also used for concert music, as it appeared in the Second Piano Concerto of the French composer Darius Milhaud. Bossa nova Bossa nova originated in as a movement effecting a radical change in the classic Cuban samba. The nylon-stringed classical guitar is the most important instrument of this style.

Bossa nova contains themes centering on love, women, longing, nature, and youthfulness. It was music for easy and relaxed listening, conducive to romantic dates and quiet moments at the lounges. Sitti Navarro 6. It contained English text coupled with Creole expressions that were not so familiar to the non-Jamaican. It was a synthesis of Western American Afro-American popular music and the traditional Afro-Jamaican music, containing a western-style melodic-harmonic base with African sounds and characteristics, American pop and rock music mannerisms, and a preference for a loud volume in the bass.

The best-known proponent of reggae music is Bob Marley, a Jamaican singer-songwriter, musician, and guitarist. Bob Marley 63 All rights reserved. Foxtrot The foxtrot is a 20th century social dance that originated after in the USA. It was executed as a one step, two step and syncopated rhythmic pattern.

The tempo varied from 30 to 40 bars per minute and had a simple duple meter with regular 4-bar phrases. The foxtrot gave rise to other dances such as the black bottom, Charleston, and shimmy. The dance is arrogant and dignified with a duple meter, march-like character, where the dancer takes strong steps forward with the heels accompanied by artistic hand movements, foot stomping, sharp and quick movements, with the head and chest held high.

What are the different vocal and dance forms of Latin American music? What are the characteristics of each vocal and dance form of Latin American music? Which type of music was popularized by Antonio Carlos Jobim? It was an offshoot of the music of African slaves who migrated to America. As music is considered a therapeutic outlet for human feelings, the Africans used music to recall their nostalgic past in their home country as well as to voice out their sentiments on their desperate condition at that time.

Since then, these melancholy beginnings have evolved into various more upbeat jazz forms which the world has adopted and incorporated into other contemporary styles.

Louis and New Orleans. Its music is written unlike jazz which is mainly improvised, and contains regular meters and clear phrases, with an alternation of low bass or bass octaves and chords.

Relying heavily on percussion drums , wind, rhythm section guitar, piano, double bass, vibes , and 65 All rights reserved. A standard big band piece instrumentation consists of the following musical instruments percussion, brass, and woodwind instrruments: five saxophones most often two altos, two tenors, and one baritone , four trumpets, four trombones often including one bass trombone , and a four-piece rhythm section composed of drums, acoustic bass or electric bass, piano and guitar.

Some big bands use additional instruments. Big band music originated in the United States and is associated with jazz and the swing. BEBOP Bebop or bop is a musical style of modern jazz which is characterized by a fast tempo, instrumental virtuosity, and improvisation that emerged during World War II. The speed of the harmony, melody, and rhythm resulted in a heavy performance where the instrumental sound became more tense and free.

What are the different jazz forms? What are the characteristics of each jazz form? Name one of the Big Bands that became popular. Which type of music was adopted by singer-songwriter Joni Mitchell? Name three of the popular groups that used the jazz rock style.

As it developed in the 20th century, pop music as it has come to be called generally consisted of music for entertainment of large numbers of people, whether on radio or in live performances. From the standard songs and ballads of the legendary Cole Porter, George Gershwin, and Frank Sinatra to the rock and roll craze of Elvis Presley and the Beatles and the present day idols in the alternative music and disco modes, popular music is now shared by the entire world.

Used by poets and composers since the 18th century, it became a slow popular love song in the 19th century. Today, the term ballad now refers to a love song in a slightly pop or rock style, with the following characteristics: 1.

Blues Ballads This is a fusion of Anglo-American and Afro-American styles from the 19th century that deals with the anti-heroes resisting authority. The form emphasizes the character of the performer more than the narrative content, and is accompanied by the banjo or guitar.

The B section acts as the bridge, and the piece normally ends with a brief coda. Afro-Latin American and Popular Music 3. Its style is mostly in a slow or moderate tempo with a relaxed mood.

It also features highly singable melodies within the range and technical capacity of the everyday listener. He was a successful singer, actor, producer, director, and conductor.

His hit singles include My Way and Strangers in the Night. Although an accomplished pianist, he owes most of his popular musical fame to his soothing baritone voice, which he used to perform in big band, vocal jazz, swing. He was the first black American to host his own television show and maintained worldwide popularity over 40 years past his death.

Matt Monroe was an English singer who became one of the most popular entertainers in the international music scene during the s. Throughout his year career, he filled cabarets, nightclubs, music halls, and stadia in Australia, Japan, the Philippines, and Hong Kong to Africa, the Middle East, Europe, and the Americas.

Among his hit singles 69 All rights reserved. It combined Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz, and gospel music with the Western swing and country music.

The lead instruments were the piano and saxophone, but these were eventually replaced by modern instruments. In its classic form, rock and roll employed one or two electric guitars lead, rhythm , a string bass or bass guitar, and a set of drums that provided the rhythmic pattern.

This form came during the age of technological change when electric guitars were supplemented by amplifiers and microphones to raise the volume. His hit songs such as Heartbreak Hotel and Blue Suede Shoes were complemented by his good looks and elaborate movements that included hugging the microphone as he sang. He was born and raised in Liverpool, England.

When The Beatles disbanded in , Lennon embarked on a solo career. Sir James Paul McCartney is an English singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, co-writer, and composer. Beatles was one of the most influential groups in the history of pop music. The songwriting partnership with Lennon for the Beatles is one of the most celebrated of the 20th century.

McCartney was a two-time inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Beatles in , and as a solo artist in He is a time Grammy Award winner 71 All rights reserved. He has written or co-written 32 songs that have reached number one on the Billboard Hot He was knighted in England for his services to music. The disco style had a soaring and reverberating sound rhythmically controlled by a steady beat usually44 meter for ease of dancing, and accompanied by strings, horns, electric guitars, and electric pianos or synthesizers.

He was an American recording artist, entertainer, singer-songwriter, record producer, musical arranger, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, and philanthropist. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he made his debut as an entertainer in as a member of The Jackson 5.

He then began a solo career in while still a member of the group and was referred to as the “King of Pop” in subsequent years. Jackson’s album Thriller remains the world’s best-selling album of all time, and four of his other solo studio albums are among the world’s best-selling records: Off the Wall , Bad , Dangerous , and HIStory In the early s, he became a dominant figure in American popular music and culture.

The popularity of his music videos airing on MTV, such as Beat It, Billie Jean, and Thriller—widely credited with transforming the music video from a promotional tool into an art form—helped bring the relatively new channel to fame. Afro-Latin American and Popular Music along with an instrumental or synthesized beat. But by the s, it had spread to many other countries. It has since evolved into a subculture that encompasses music rapping, DJing, scratching, and beatboxing ; a nearly acrobatic style of dancing, called break dancing; a distinct manner of dress; and graffiti-style artwork.

Thus, it was known for its unconventional practices such as distorted guitar sounds, oppressive lyrics, and defiant attitudes. It was also characterized by high energy levels that bred new styles such as new wave, punk rock, post-punk, indie rock, gothic rock, jangle pop, noise pop, C86, Madchester, Industrial Rock, and Shoegazing.

Briefly describe the historical and cultural background of African, Latin American, jazz, and popular music. Analyze the musical characteristics of African, Latin American, jazz, and popular music. How did the following music reflect life in their respective cultures and the conditions at that time? African music — maracatu, blues, soul, spiritual, call and response b. Latin American Music — cumbia, tango, cha cha, rumba, bossa nova, reggae, foxtrot, paso doble c.

Jazz — ragtime, big band, bebop, jazz rock d. Popular music — ballads, standards, rock and roll, disco, pop, hip hop and rap, alternative music 75 All rights reserved.

It was originally used to refer only to Philippine pop songs, particularly ballads, such as those popular after the collapse of its predecessor, the Manila Sound, in the late s up until the present. However, other ethno-linguistic groups such as the Visayan, Bikol, Kapampangan, and Ilocano also began to sing and record their songs in their native dialects. Underground bands emerged and along with them were their perceptions of idealism and self-expression. Rico J. Puno 77 All rights reserved.

These Filipino lyrics sung to pop melodies resulted in highly singable songs with contemporary appeal. Among them are jazz pianist and recording artist Boy Katindig, who comes from the well-known clan of musicians that includes jazz piano legend Romy Katindig and saxophonist Eddie Katindig.

The Katindig family pioneered Latin jazz in Manila. This new form combined ethnic instrumentation with electronic accompaniment, while presenting themes or issues of society and the environment.

Juan de la Cruz Band Other early exponents of Pinoy rock included the band Maria Cafra; Sampaguita, the female rocker; and folk-rock singer Heber Bartolome and his Banyuhay band, whose songs expressed strong messages of nationalism. Parokya ni Edgar Bamboo 79 All rights reserved. Francis Magalona was born on October 4, and died on March 6, With the success of his earliest albums, Magalona was the Francis Magalona first Filipino rapper to cross over to the mainstream.

He is also credited for having pioneered the merging of rap with Pinoy rock, becoming a significant influence on artists in that genre as well. Classical musicians have also performed in malls and other commercial venues to popularize classical music, popular music, and OPM.

SUMMARY From theater tunes to rock and roll, pop, standards, hip hop, rap, and contemporary ballads—whether in the West, in the Philippines, or anywhere else in the world—these all provided a rich and diverse musical background in the development of Philippine contemporary music. The development of Philippine music was also influenced by the history of the country—from its pre-Spanish roots, through the Spanish and American periods, up to the present.

It has since evolved to have its own rich and distinct identity. How did the different forms of popular music reflect life in the 20th century? Differentiate the characteristics of Philippine pop, rock, and rap music. What role did media like radio, television, and recordings play in the development of these different musical genres? Name some well-known OPM performers. Listen carefully to each recording. Participate in a class discussion on the distinctive features and qualities of each musical genre and style.

Make improvised African or Latin American instruments using dried vegetables, animal hide, wood, strips of roofing metal, tin cans, bamboo, etc. How did you relate in making improvised African or Latin American musical instruments found in the environment?

Conceptualize a choreography to show some dance steps set to the following music: a. African b. Latin American 81 All rights reserved. Jazz d. Popular Pop Music e. OPM 2. How does it feel to conceptualize the dance movements in each music category? Class Singing Concert — live performance a. Your teacher will divide the class into four groups. Learn your assigned song, using the lyrics on the following pages.

Practice it, with the choreography and accompaniment. Then, perform it in class. Dance Interaction a. As your group performs in class, invite the other class members to join you in the dance movements or choreography that you have prepared.

Music Video Award a. Afro-Latin American and Popular Music b. Kum-ba-ya Kum-bay-ya is a spiritual song that was first recorded in the s. It became a popular standard campfire song in Girl or Boy Scouting and during summer camps. The song is originally a simple petition to God to come and help those in need. This inspiring hymn is heard in many countries of Central Africa. It has great personal meaning and the singer often creates his own words as he works or pray.

The song title refers to the main melody line, which at first consists of a long series of notes of a single tone. This is just a little samba Built upon a single note Other notes are bound to follow But the root is still that note Now this new note is the consequence Of the one we’ve just been through As I’m bound to be The unavoidable consequence of you There’s so many people Who can talk and talk, and talk And just say nothing Or nearly nothing 84 All rights reserved.

Afro-Latin American and Popular Music I have used up all the scale I know and at the end I’ve come to nothing I mean nothing So I come back to my first note As I come back to you I will pour into that one note All the love I feel for you Any one who wants the whole show Re mi fa so la ci do He will find himself with no show Better play the note you know So I come back to my first note I must come back to you I will pour into that one note All the love I feel for you Any one who wants the whole show Re mi fa so la ci do He will find himself with no show Better play the note you know Someone To Watch Over Me There’s a saying old, says that love is blind Still we’re often told, “Seek and ye shall find” So I’m going to seek a certain lad I’ve had in mind Looking everywhere, haven’t found him yet He’s the big affair I cannot forget Only man I ever think of with regret I’d like to add his initial to my monogram Tell me, where is the shepherd for this lost lamb?

How well did our group perform our assigned music? How well can I describe the characteristics of each genre as I listened to the melody, harmony, rhythm, and lyrics?

How well did our group perform the different dance moves for our assigned song? How well can I individually sing the following musical genres? Characteristic features of contemporary music. Sings contemporary songs. Listens perceptively to excerpts of major contemporary works. Describes characteristics of traditional and new music. Gives a brief biography of selected contemporary Philippine composers.

Sings selections of contemporary music with appropriate pitch, rhythm, style, and expression. Explores ways of creating sounds on a variety of sources.

Creates a musical on the life of a selected contemporary Philippine composer. New music are compositions which are improvisational works such as the early compositions of Dr.

Yet, even 20th century Filipino composers have managed to retain some traditional elements in their assimilation of Western techniques. In fact, they have become the strongest foundations of what we now know as Philippine music. Among the major Philippine contemporary composers are Francisco Buencamino Sr. He was the son of a musically inclined couple. His father was Fortunato Buencamino, a church organist and band master. His mother was Luisa Beltran, a noted singer. He studied music composition and harmony at Liceo de Manila.

Unfortunately, he was not able to finish. Expanding his career, he ventured into musical directing and scoring, and composing film music for Sampaguita Pictures, LVN, and Excelsior. He also wrote several zarzuelas and kundimans. He composed several works such as kundiman, symphonies, piano concertos, and other music pieces for the piano, violin, and voice. He was also a musical director for films.

He studied music at the Chicago Music College and was influenced by the musical styles of Schoenberg, Hindemith and Stravinsky. Abelardo developed a style that combined European romanticism with chromaticism. His compositions contain hazy tones, dissonance and unusual chordal combinations found in such works as Cinderella Overture, Panoramas, and a violin sonata. Although a 20th century modern composer in style, he is also considered a composer in the Romantic style. He began his music career as an orchestral soloist at the Manila Grand Opera House.

Molina was a product of both the Romantic and Impressionist schools of thought. He was fascinated by the dynamics and harmonies of Debussy, but retained much of the Romantic style in his melody.

A characteristically impressionist work is his piano work Malikmata Transfiguration. The mysteriously exotic chords of this piece gradually lead to a lyrical melody, with the traditional harmonies abruptly returning to the initial mood. Molina wrote several compositions for piano, violin, and voice as well as a Spanish-style opera form known as the zarzuela. Contemporary Philippine Music He is best known for his poignantly romantic serenade for violin and piano Hatinggabi.

Subsequent transcriptions of this piece were written for the cello, flute, piano, and guitar. He received the National Artist for Music award in He passed away on January 29, A composer, music teacher, conductor, and clarinetist, he created substantial works for the orchestra. He served as conductor for opera, ballet, dance recitals, and movie music. His early interest in music came from the influence of his uncle who was then playing with the Bacoor Band.

His first music lessons in music theory and clarinet were with Fr. Amando Buencamino who taught him solfeggio and some musical instruments.

When he was eight years old, he was accepted as a member of the Bacoor Band as a clarinetist. At that time, he made his first composition Unang Katas for his concert with the band. He performed with various movie house bands and orchestras. After he graduated from high school in , he co-founded the Anak Zapote Band. After his student years, Rubio became a conductor of opera at the Manila Music School in He became the choirmaster and choral conductor of the Choir Islanders.

Also, he assumed the position of instructor at the Conservatory of Music, University of the Philippines. He became full professor of the UP Conservatory of Music from During the Second World War, Rubio composed and arranged many works and conducted many military and civilian brass bands.

After the war, he was appointed conductor of the Manila Municipal Symphony Orchestra. He was conductor of the National Opera Company for 23 years from to He passed away on December 28, Antonino Ramirez Buenaventura was a renowned composer, conductor, and teacher. His father Lucio was the chief musician of the Spanish artillery band in Intramuros and founder of Banda Buenaventura. As a young boy, he had already demonstrated a passion for music while learning the rudiments of music and solfeggio and becoming a proficient clarinet player.

Buenaventura further developed his musical abilities at the Conservatory of Music, University of the Philippines UP at the age of Nicanor Abelardo and Francisco Santiago were among his famous mentors. He was a delegate to the general assembly of the International Society for Music Education held in Montreux, Switzerland in Buenaventura was actively involved with the various military bands which ultimately earned him his military rank of Colonel. Later, he restored the Philippine Constabulary Band in , which was reputedly likened to a symphony orchestra.

Buenaventura was a faculty member of the UP Conservatory of Music. He promoted Philippine music through his extensive use of folk materials which he had recorded around the country with Ramon Tolentino and National Artist for Dance Francisca Reyes Aquino. Buenaventura composed the music and folk dance notations for the dance researches of Aquino.

Pandanggo sa Ilaw, one of his most popular compositions, remains a favorite performance repertoire of many folk dance companies. He was declared National Artist for Music in and passed away in He performed on stage after only two years of music studies. During this time, he was also invited as organist of the Pasay Catholic Church. His first composition at age 10 was a piano piece entitled Glissando Waltz. It was followed three years later by a military march entitled Salute.

He was conferred a Doctor of Music degree honoris causa in Cornejo taught at the UP Conservatory of Music and became the researcher and official composer of the Philippine government-in-exile. He was appointed by then President Manuel L. Since , he held concerts in the United States. He passed away on August 11, He is the son of Juan de Leon and Natalia Padilla. Felipe de Leon married pianist Iluminada Mendoza with whom he had six children. Bayani and Felipe Jr.

Bayani is a well-known composer, and Felipe Jr. People asked him to make illustrations and sketches and was paid for them. When he was studying at the Nueva Ecija High School, he went on trips with his hometown band and wrote short pieces for them. He took up Fine Arts at the University of the Philippines in , but he had to stop schooling in order to make a living.

He played the trombone in dance orchestras which performed in cabarets, circuses and bodabil vaudeville. Then, he worked as an assistant conductor of the Nueva Ecija High School Orchestra where he started doing musical arrangements.

Later on, he wrote music for the zarzuela. He decided to study formally and enrolled at the Conservatory of Music, University of the Philippines, where he studied under National Artists Col. Antonio Buenaventura and Antonio Molina. He contributed articles to the school paper and vernacular magazines. He graduated with a music teacher’s diploma, major in conducting in He was conferred an honorary degree, doctor of philosophy in the humanities, by the University of the Philippines in De Leon wrote piano compositions, hymns, marches, art songs, chamber music, symphonic poems, overtures, band muic, school songs, orchestral works, operas, kundiman, and zarzuelas.

He was known as a nationalist composer who expressed the Philippines’ cultural identity through his compositions. Two operas which are considered his masterpieces are the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo These two operas have been staged in the Philippines and abroad.

He also wrote a march during the Japanese regime entitled Tindig, Aking Inang Bayan, and another march Bagong Lipunan during the martial law. Felipe de Leon received a posthumous award as National Artist for Music in He died on December 5, Since his elementary days, he started composing. He studied the banjo which inspired him to become a serious musician.

His chords have a rich expressive tonality, as represented in his well-loved Sa Ugoy ng Duyan, a lullaby melody sung by his mother. His orchestral compositions are best represented by the Suite Pastorale , a poetic aural description of his hometown Angono, and his nationalistic symphonic poem Lahing Kayumanggi Other compositions include songs, pieces for violin, cello, and chorus.

His works for the symphonic band was where he was most prolific and productive both as composer and conductor. His musical prowess was internationally recognized when he was invited to be a judge at the prestigious Van Cliburn International Piano Competition in He was declared National Artist for Music in and passed away on March 31, At age 11, he started composing band marches, instrumental, and vocal scores, as well as music for Catholic masses.

He studied in Cavite schools and later graduated from the UP Conservatory of Music where he eventually became a faculty member. After which, he also served on its faculty as well as in West Virginia University and Howard University. He joined the faculty at Wilkes University, Pennsylvania in He performed as timpanist, pianist, and conductor with several orchestral groups. He composed the background music for J. A prolific composer, he had composed several piano concerti, sonatas, symphonies, symphonic poems, five operas in Filipino, numerous band overtures, and more than marches.

He had also written 50 masses in Latin and 20 in English. He has more than 1, musical compositions in the library of the University of the Philippines. Alfredo Santos Buenaventura, composer, conductor and teacher, was born in Sta. Maria, Bulacan on October 14, He grew up in a musical environment and became a band member in his hometown at a young age.

He was drawn by his fascination with trumpets and trombones and became one of its arrangers and conductors. He was one of twenty boy sopranos of Tiples at Sto. Domingo Church from where he received his first significant musical training.

At that time, he also wrote his first composition, Danza. A prolific composer, Buenaventura has composed over 50 major works including five full-length operas, operettas, dance dramas, cantatas, symphonies, concertos, ballets, overtures, prelude, fugues, and chamber music. His compositions and other creative works have transcended territorial, racial, and language barriers as these have been performed abroad by international virtuosi and religious groups.

Many of his compositions are based on Filipino heroes, legends, and epics. He uses native songs, both tribal and folk, as themes of his music compositions. A number of his compositions are accompanied by Filipino indigenous instruments. Some of his major works include the operas Maria Makiling , Diego Silang , Prinsesa Urduha , cantatas Ang Ating Watawat , Pasko ng Barangay , three piano concertos subtitled Celebration, Determination, and Exultation, and All rights reserved.

His minor works numbering more than 50 cover mostly religious songs and hymns for specific celebrations such as the Sixteenth Centenary of St. He keeps his melodies simple and understandable but with contemporary harmonies that enhance their complexity. He became an official organist of the Manila Cathedral in He is a member of the League of Filipino Composers.

He received a number of awards in the music industry. His compositional style makes much use of syncopation, extended chords, and chromatic harmony. Among his numerous compositions are the award-winning Kay Ganda ng Ating Musika , as well as the modern zarzuela Alikabok , the opera Spoliarium with libretto by Fides Cuyugan-Asensio, and a variety of choral pieces and song cycles.

He also produced a number of recordings, including the memorable album One, where he personally sang the unaccompanied songs on different tracks to produce 16 voices. Cayabyab was born on May 4, in Manila. After which, he became a faculty member for Composition at the same University. At present, he continues to be a much sought-after professor, musical director, composer, arranger, and conductor in the Philippine concert and recording scenes.

He also created the Buencamino Music Academy in Nicanor Abelardo was one of his students. Expanding his career, Buencamino also ventured into musical direction and scoring, composing music for Sampaguita Pictures, LVN, and Excelsior.

He also wrote several zarzuelas and kundiman. Hilarion Rubio was a Filipino composer, music teacher, conductor, and clarinetist. His name was closely identified with his works for the orchestra, conductor for opera, ballet, dance recitals, and music for movies.

Antonino Buenaventura promoted Philippine music by extensively using folk materials in his works. Buenaventura composed the music and did the notations for the folk dances as researched by Aquino.

Rodolfo S. Felipe P. Rosendo Santos Jr. Contemporary Philippine Music and more than marches. He wrote 50 masses in Latin and 20 in English. Alfredo Buenaventura is among the few composers in the Philippines who composed five full-length operas.

He has his own set of ideas about music and composition. He created a combination of contemporary and conventional, kept his melodies simple and understandable, but he used contemporary harmonies to suit the intellectuals. Contemporary composer and conductor Ryan Cayabyab spans both popular and classical worlds with his pop, ballads, operas, zarzuela, orchestral, and choral compositions.

Discuss the lives and musical contributions of the following 20th century Filipino composers: a. Francisco Buencamino Sr. Rodolfo Cornejo b. Francisco Santiago h. Felipe Padilla de Leon Sr. Nicanor Abelardo i. Lucio San Pedro d. Antonio Molina j. Hilarion Rubio k. Alfredo Buenaventura f. Antonino Buenaventura l. Ryan Cayabyab 2. Point out the characteristics of the musical style of the above-mentioned Filipino composers. Listening Activity 1. Your teacher will play excerpts of recordings of any one composition of the following works by Filipino song composers: a.

Contemporary Philippine Music h. Nicanor Abelardo – Nasaan Ka Irog? Felipe de Leon Sr. Listen carefully to each excerpt and recognize the different musical styles of the composers. Analyze the music. Take note of the elements of music present: rhythm, melody, tempo, dynamics, texture, harmony, form, and timbre. Write a short reaction paper on it in relation to its musical elements.

The team that writes the correct answers first, scores four 4 points. The scorer will announce the winners and then asks them this question: What was the most significant thing that you have learned from this activity? Compose a simple song. Write the lyrics and the music. You may adapt a certain melody from the compositions of the traditional composers that you like. Write the new lyrics to fit the music. You may include an accompaniment such as guitar, flute, recorder, keyboard, drums, tambourine, maracas or improvise musical instruments from the environment.

You may sing it a capella without accompaniment or with accompaniment. Perform your composition or your song adaptation in class.

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Corel pdf fusion unable to save file free. Optimistic error message accompanies failure to import PDF.

 
Expatica is the international community’s online home away from home. A must-read for English-speaking expatriates and internationals across Europe, Expatica provides a tailored local news service and essential information on living, working, and moving to your country of choice. With in-depth features, Expatica brings the international community closer together. Sep 07,  · I have a Corel PHOTO-PAINT (CPT) file that does not show a thumbnail. This CPT file may have been exported from CorelDRAW as CPT. In such cases, a thumbnail is not added to the file. Open the file in Corel PHOTO-PAINT, click File menu > Save as, and then replace the existing image. A thumbnail is added to the file. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow more.

 

Troubleshooting – PDF Fusion – .

 

I don’t know if it would be able to export this particular PDF out as an image and keep the annotations or not. Bluebeam does this in an absolutely non-standard manner. FWIW, Xara opened but displaced the annotations, though they were editable text. I didn’t try InkScape which is OpenSource. Really, the one application that came closest to opening the PDF with all the annotations intact and formatted was LibreOffice’s Draw applicaiton. But it too didn’t get them all.

Was starting to make me paranoid. At the same time I wish corel would perhaps let their teams work together on features, such as PDF support, since I just tried their PDF Fusion program which seemed to be able to re-save the file into something usable not quite as proper as your file, though.

All rights reserved. The content herein is in the form of a personal web log “Blog” or forum posting. As such, the views expressed in this site are those of the participants and do not necessarily reflect the views of Corel Corporation, or its affiliates and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents. Site Search User. Forums More. Forums Tags More Cancel. Threads in this forum. All recent questions and discussions Unread questions and discussions Questions and discussions you’ve participated in Questions and discussions you’ve started Unanswered questions and discussions Answered questions and discussions Questions with suggested answers.

Fusion reduces image on page when printing. Started over 7 years ago by Rick J. Started over 8 years ago by Robby. Started over 8 years ago by fcampbel. Latest over 8 years ago by JohnWP. Started over 8 years ago by kmccoy. Cannot save file. Started over 8 years ago by John Fincham. PDF Fusion – setting custom paper sizes. Started over 8 years ago by whitt. New installation of Corel Draw X4. Latest over 8 years ago by Wendy Cook.

Word Subtitles. Not Answered 3 hours ago. Not Answered 4 days ago. Not Answered 4 months ago. Answered 4 months ago. Not Answered 5 months ago. Not Answered over 5 years ago.

Suggested Answer over 7 years ago. Not Answered 7 months ago. Not Answered over 3 years ago. Not Answered over 7 years ago. Reply Cancel Cancel. RoyReed over 7 years ago.

 
 

Corel pdf fusion unable to save file free.

 
 

Well, one has PDF problems nearly every day, but this one’s different. As an attempt to fix this I have removed most other PDF related utilities, removed and reinstalled both CD and ghostscript, but no luck.

And also any tips on having a worry-free PDF experience in CD are welcome I went through some threads and getting Acrobat Pro doesn’t seem like a real option currently. Heh, Heh. There is and never will be a one-size fits-all solution for PDFs. In part it is because Adobe never, ever, meant for PDFs to be opened for editing.

In part it is because of the bazillion libraries in use for generating–and in this case, annotating–PDFs. Fixed PDF One can usually pick up a version back of Acrobat for a more reasonable price. There really isn’t a better PDF tool and I cannot imagine in all my years of doing this crap not having Acrobat. I don’t know if it would be able to export this particular PDF out as an image and keep the annotations or not. Bluebeam does this in an absolutely non-standard manner. FWIW, Xara opened but displaced the annotations, though they were editable text.

I didn’t try InkScape which is OpenSource. Really, the one application that came closest to opening the PDF with all the annotations intact and formatted was LibreOffice’s Draw applicaiton.

But it too didn’t get them all. Was starting to make me paranoid. At the same time I wish corel would perhaps let their teams work together on features, such as PDF support, since I just tried their PDF Fusion program which seemed to be able to re-save the file into something usable not quite as proper as your file, though. All rights reserved. The content herein is in the form of a personal web log “Blog” or forum posting.

As such, the views expressed in this site are those of the participants and do not necessarily reflect the views of Corel Corporation, or its affiliates and their respective officers, directors, employees and agents. Site Search User. Forums More. Forums Tags More Cancel. PDF creator stopped working. Latest over 7 years ago by RonAllard. Free Text Box problem. Started over 7 years ago by kmoulds. Fusion reduces image on page when printing. Started over 7 years ago by Rick J. Started over 8 years ago by Robby.

Started over 8 years ago by fcampbel. Latest over 8 years ago by JohnWP. Started over 8 years ago by kmccoy. Cannot save file. Started over 8 years ago by John Fincham.

PDF Fusion – setting custom paper sizes. Started over 8 years ago by whitt. New installation of Corel Draw X4. Latest over 8 years ago by Wendy Cook. Word Subtitles.

Latest over 8 years ago by BarryMacDonnell. Latest over 9 years ago by WendyMac. Latest over 9 years ago by HeatherB.